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NOTES ON CRYSTAL OSCILLATORS
High stability oscillators, such as crystal oscillators, are useful in radio communications, but they also can be used to prevent electromagnetic interference. When performing shielding effectiveness tests in accordance with Canadian standard ITSG-02A, MIL-STD-285, NSA 65-6, NSA 73-2A, NSA 94-106, IEEE-299 and similar standards it is useful to have a very stable signal source. This allows you to get the most sensitivity out of your spectrum analyzer or receiver, thereby improving the overall dynamic range of your instrumentation system. This is because a very stable transmitter lets you use a very narrow bandwidth in your receiver or spectrum analyzer, without having the transmitted signal drift out of your pass band. The narrower you make the bandwidth, the lower the thermal noise (also known as Nyquist Noise or Johnson Noise) Your receiver or spectrum analyzer will be. See: the THERMAL NOISE article in wikipedia.org A lower noise floor means that you can measure attenuation (shielding effectiveness) over a larger RANGE, hence the term DYNAMIC RANGE. For more information about this see: THE SHIELDED ENCLOSURE HANDBOOK A crystal oscillator is one way to achieve this. Crystal oscillators also prevent electromagnetic interference by limiting the amount of energy that spills over into adjacent frequencies. In this sense they can be useful in solving EMI-EMC design problems. Copyright 2006 by THE HERNDON COMPANY. All rights reserved.